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	<title>Thinkervine &#187; SOA</title>
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	<link>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog</link>
	<description>Manglings of a technocratic social blogger - Faycal Chraibi</description>
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		<title>Career shifts: From module experts to process experts</title>
		<link>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2009/09/26/career-shifts-from-module-experts-to-process-experts/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2009/09/26/career-shifts-from-module-experts-to-process-experts/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2009 14:07:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fays</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[SAP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Career]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SOA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/?p=564</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-572" title="speed" src="http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/speed.jpg" alt="speed" width="500" height="241" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Most business application consultants and experts have a high emphasis in one aspect of the solution (say finance, controlling, HR, CRM), sometimes, they even go to higher focus (marketing campaigns within the CRM) but very few of them would know what happens in the next phase of the process. They usually work in a blackbox mode knowing the input they&#8217;re getting from previous phase, how to process it before serving it to the next phase.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This has worked pretty well due to the widely spread practices in the implementation of processes within monolithic solutions. These processes were also mostly fixed as companies rarely looked forward constant process innovation to keep up with the pace of competitivity. But today, the world&#8217;s changing. Processes are being executed across the solution boundaries and even across the company&#8217;s boundaries, they may be re-engineered at several phases to match the company&#8217;s strategy on the market.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If we take the computer manufacturing industry, the usual process would be &#8220;<strong>Manufacture the equipment -&gt; ship to dealers -&gt; Select the equipment (customer) -&gt; Pay (customer)</strong>&#8220;. DELL has drastically changed this process, which earned them a highly competitive advantage at several levels. The process has been changed to <strong>&#8220;Select the equipment -&gt; Pay -&gt; Manufacture the equipment -&gt; Ship to customer</strong>&#8220;. At this point, DELL has improved at least on two main points: exit the dealers, reducing the number of  intermediates and they don&#8217;t need fully manufactured stocked equipment. Basically computers are stocked in warehouses in a pre-assembled state. Assembling might even be transfered (outsourced) to Supply Chain providers. At this point, they&#8217;re having a direct contact with the customer, tightening the relationship, and they&#8217;re increasing their profitability (fixed costs reduction).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For solution experts, this has a major impact on the way they usually implement the process. They need to have a complete understanding of the impacts of the re-engineering on their blueprint. How they shift from a data receiver from process step 3 to a data source for step 2.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">For this purpose, the experts will require to have a broader knowledge of what they are implementing, how&#8217;s their part is being integrated within a wider scope, what happens in every phase and then they should shift into a full understanding of the process end-to-end. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">So if you wonder how you can update your skills ? What you should look at ?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I say, forget modules and go end-to-end process: Order to Cash or Procure to Pay. With today&#8217;s technology and solution maturity, processes tend to have tighter integration between them. They are not just merely tables and transactions, but there&#8217;s a real logic flow orchestrating each step of the process.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Coupled with the Business Process Experts/Champions/Owners, the consultants will seek into bringing a higher value to their customer/company by optimizing the execution of the process at every step with a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the impacts of each action and decision.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In an SOA approach, the isomorphism between the process and the services will lead  to create fine grained components which are then assembled altogether into composite applications. This leads to a tighter integration of components (logical point of view) as a service might as well execute operations in a project and finance systems.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">While there might still be confusion among SAP practitioners on the ability to go from a modular perspective to the end-to-end perspective, this change will be driven by the market evolution and the solution architecture anyways. The idea is that rather than being an expert on 10 FI processes while you usually implement 4 of them. The skills evolution roadmap would guide you through the different stages of your process implementation within the other modules/solutions, hence fully leveraging your training and expertise on all areas.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This full fledged knowledge of the process will also provide a new empowerment that will allow experts to drive the innovation to reflect the business requirements or even anticipate them,  as this is where the real value lies.</p>
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		<title>Are Service Oriented Architectures really dead ?</title>
		<link>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2009/01/09/are-service-oriented-architectures-really-dead/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2009/01/09/are-service-oriented-architectures-really-dead/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2009 16:01:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Fays</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tech Spot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SOA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/?p=182</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anne Thomas Manes published on the Burton Groups&#8217;s blog, a SOA obituary. According to her, this is mainly due to the high promises that deceived all CTOs that believed in SOA: more agility, lower costs and shorter project periods. She also sees the economical context of this coming year as the undertaker of SOA. As [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><img class="aligncenter" style="border: 0pt none;" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/253/448100982_2e5619bfae_o.jpg" alt="" width="370" height="277" /></p>
<p><a title="Anne's blog" href="http://atmanes.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Anne Thomas Manes</a> published on the Burton Groups&#8217;s <a title="Burton Group" href="http://apsblog.burtongroup.com/">blog</a>, a SOA obituary. According to her, this is mainly due to the high promises that deceived all CTOs that believed in SOA: more agility, lower costs and shorter project periods.</p>
<p>She also sees the economical context of this coming year as the undertaker of SOA. As these projects are by nature transverse and will go across several business units, the funding of such projects becomes a complex issue: who&#8217;s the holder, who&#8217;s paying for what. In addition to that, in a reduced budget context, anything non-strategic goes straight to the trash can.</p>
<p>While at the theoretical level, I might agree with part of this vision, we still need to have a deeper look into this to match reality.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s go through a set of questions and analyze it:</p>
<p><strong>1. Why did so many SOA projects fail ?</strong></p>
<p>At the time being, if you ask ten persons what SOA is, you will get 10 different answers. Some will wrongly say web services. Some will call it pure architecture, others will call it methods, others will see it as a combination of the two. A paradigm ?</p>
<p>Then if you ask them why SOA ? They will say agility, they will say reducing costs, they will say enhanced governance and they will say easier evolutivity of the systems (versus siloed and obsolete technologies).</p>
<p>All these answers are plain marketing. These are vendor fictional noveling to sell software and projects. The reality behind this is that most decision makers in IT have no idea on what SOA is about, what&#8217;s behind the concept and what it takes to build a real SOA project.</p>
<p>Most people will see in SOA a magic wand that will transform their landscape through some kind of sparkling big bang. All older spaghetti cobol systems magically transforming into futuristic orchestrated services based applications.</p>
<p>The fundamental error is there. They define SOA as a goal instead of a mean.</p>
<p>SOA in itself has no purpose and if your system is working fine, keep it there. SOA must be a base for building new applications that will need to interact with existing systems and need to be able to communicate with future (internal and external) bricks of the landscape . Many technologies are associated to SOA, we may cite Software as a Service (SaaS), Business Process Management (BPM), mash-ups and web applications.</p>
<p>SOA must be derived from a business requirement and should not be technologically driven. It must support the implementation of a business process, that goes through different systems, that needs to be monitored through its different milestones and that might need to take in account fast changes (to keep up competitivity).</p>
<p>Transforming the current landscape into services orientation to reduce maintenance costs is a typical error.  This comes from a common confusion between SOA and web services. While you might want to expose an existing functionality as a service to be consumed by a third party application, you may just build a frontal web service that will be invoked. Rather than doing this, many companies will dive into a complex project implementation [reworking] leading to Neverland.</p>
<p><strong>2- How to make SOA projects successful ?</strong></p>
<p>In order to make SOA projects successful, you will need to assess several mitigation points:</p>
<p>a. Do not expect magic: SOA is costy and do not expect a 80% ROI. SOA projects must be appropriately funded by the each involved Line of Businesse at the appropriate balance.</p>
<p>b. SOA must be driven through business needs. A strict governance should be setup with process owners (functional and technical) that will understand all the underlying requirements of its implementation. These two will then monitor the build and runtime. They should be the single point of contact regarding any subjected related to the process.</p>
<p>c. SOA projects are transverse projects. For this purpose they need a common sponsor at the highest level federating all the LOBs effected by the process dealt with.</p>
<p>d. SOAs are based on the principle of reuse of existing business services (a set of lower level [web] services with a business meaning). For this purpose an in-depth analyze should be carried over all the processes that might potentially be effected by the implementation of the new architecture.</p>
<p>e. The transformation should be carried with the support of an architecture framework (e.g. TOGAF, EAF, Gartner&#8217;s).</p>
<p>f. Before the implementation project starts, KPIs must be defined. For this purpose, we need to have a common understanding of what the KPIs are, what will be measured, how, what are the business rules and which thresholds should start a preventive action.</p>
<p>g. SOA requires proactivity all along the implementation. It should reflect the process execution in the real world. Interviews with the key-users should be carried in order to have an end-to-end understanding of the processes.</p>
<p>h. Assess the SOA maturity. Before implemeting a Service Oriented Architecture, the organization must ensure that they have the required level of maturity at both the business and technical level allowing them to reach their targets.</p>
<p><strong>3- Are Service Oriented Architectures really dead ?</strong></p>
<p>Service oriented architecture is just a marketing name to define the principle of resources available as a service. These services represent a business object (e.g. credit check) and are orchestrated in order to create a business process.</p>
<p>While this might look new and innovative, this has long been implemented in several industries, only under different names. The main change today resides into the maturity of the underlying technologies and their standardization. As part of the natural life cycle of an IT landscape, systems will adopt new architectural paradigms, including the service approach. Several technologies are there to stay or evolve. They are coercedly linked to the service oriented architecture.</p>
<p>SOA is there to stay. The only thing that might change is really just the name.</p>
<p>Note: This post was also posted on the <a href="https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/scn/weblogs?blog=/pub/wlg/12767" target="_blank">SAP Developer Network</a></p>
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		<title>Greg the architect</title>
		<link>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2007/04/15/greg-the-architect/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2007/04/15/greg-the-architect/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Apr 2007 21:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fays</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SOA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TIC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Youtube]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.subversion.fr/blog/?p=27</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Un petit peu d'humour (pour les plus avertis seulement)... Voici un&#160; extrait de vie des architectes :)]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Un petit peu d&#8217;humour (pour les plus avertis seulement)&#8230; Voici un&nbsp; extrait de vie des architectes <img src='http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
<span id="more-27"></span><br />
<object width="425" height="350"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DEc5zcJQ0l8" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><embed width="425" height="350" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DEc5zcJQ0l8" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"></embed></object> </p>
<p> <object width="425" height="350"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/uOQcjvUHZ0k" /><param name="wmode" value="transparent" /><embed width="425" height="350" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/uOQcjvUHZ0k" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"></embed></object> <br /><font size="2">* ROI : Return On Investment (Retour sur investissement)<br />* SOA: Service Oriented Architecture, voir article <a href="http://www.thinkervine.com/Blog/index.php/2007/04/09/117-soa-services-oriented-architecture-kezako">SOA explained</a></font></p>
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		<item>
		<title>SOA explained</title>
		<link>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2007/04/09/soa-services-oriented-architecture-kezako/</link>
		<comments>http://www.thinkervine.com/blog/2007/04/09/soa-services-oriented-architecture-kezako/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2007 19:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>fays</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SAP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SOA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TIC]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.subversion.fr/blog/?p=26</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: right;"><q style="font-style: italic;">Don&#8217;t do anything. &#8216;SOA&#8217; may have meant something once but it&#8217;s just vendor bullshit now.</q> - <a target="_blank" href="http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2006/04/17/SOA-or-not">Tim Bray</a>, Director of Web technologies, Sun Microsystems<br /></div> <br /><img alt="SOA" src="http://www.it-eye.nl/weblog/wp-content/themes/iteye2/images/soaimage.jpg" /><br /><br />La SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) repr&#233;sente depuis quelques ann&#233;es l'un des principaux maux de t&#234;te des DSI, des architectes, des &#233;diteurs et des soci&#233;t&#233;s de conseil. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gartner.com">Gartner</a> pr&#233;voit que 80% des&#160; projets informatiques seront bas&#233;s sur la SOA en 2008. Aujourd'hui, 40% des entreprises d&#233;marrent des projets dans ce m&#234;me sens. Cependant, on trouve difficilement une d&#233;finition commun&#233;ment admise de la SOA.<br />Je me propose d'&#234;tre votre guide afin de mieux appr&#233;hender cette notion plus ou moins obscure. Nous vulgariserons l'ensemble des concepts au del&#224; des aspects techniques (qui ne seront pas trait&#233;s dans cet article).]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: right;"><q style="font-style: italic;">Don&rsquo;t do anything. &lsquo;SOA&rsquo; may have meant something once but it&rsquo;s just vendor bullshit now.</q> &#8211; <a target="_blank" href="http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2006/04/17/SOA-or-not">Tim Bray</a>, Director of Web technologies, Sun Microsystems</div>
<p><img alt="SOA" src="http://www.it-eye.nl/weblog/wp-content/themes/iteye2/images/soaimage.jpg" /></p>
<p>La SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) repr&eacute;sente depuis quelques ann&eacute;es l&#8217;un des principaux maux de t&ecirc;te des DSI, des architectes, des &eacute;diteurs et des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s de conseil. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gartner.com">Gartner</a> pr&eacute;voit que 80% des&nbsp; projets informatiques seront bas&eacute;s sur la SOA en 2008. Aujourd&#8217;hui, 40% des entreprises d&eacute;marrent des projets dans ce m&ecirc;me sens. Cependant, on trouve difficilement une d&eacute;finition commun&eacute;ment admise de la SOA.<br />Je me propose d&#8217;&ecirc;tre votre guide afin de mieux appr&eacute;hender cette notion plus ou moins obscure. Nous vulgariserons l&#8217;ensemble des concepts au del&agrave; des aspects techniques (qui ne seront pas trait&eacute;s dans cet article).<br />
<span id="more-26"></span><br />
Selon <a href="http://www.gartner.com" target="_blank">Gartner</a> <span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="font-style: italic;">:</span></span> <span style="font-size: 0.8em; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"><br />
<blockquote></blockquote>
<p><q>Developers will shift their focus  to business processes and away from software functionality. In turn, software  will become a facilitator of rapid business change, not an inhibitor. The value  creation in software will shift to subscription services and away from packaged  software, and to composite applications (i.e., best of breed) and away from  monolith suites.<br />By 2006, more than 60 percent of  the $527 billion market for IT professional services will be based on Web  services standards and technology. By 2008, 80 percent of software development  projects will be based on SOA.&nbsp; The distinction between software integrators and  vendors will blur as packaged applications are broken apart and delivered as  service-oriented business applications.</q></span></span><span style="font-size: 0.8em;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Le mot architecture peut prendre diff&eacute;rents sens. Il peut repr&eacute;senter d&#8217;une part une description d&#8217;un syst&egrave;me (image d&#8217;un environnement &agrave; un instant donn&eacute;) ou repr&eacute;senter l&#8217;acte de conception, ce qui implique une notion de mouvement. Dans chacun des cas, on peut faire un parall&egrave;le avec les diff&eacute;rentes notions autour de la SOA, selon que l&#8217;on parle de technologie ou de m&eacute;thodologie.</p>
<p>L&#8217;<a href="http://www.oasis-open.org" target="_blank">OASIS</a> d&eacute;finit la SOA comme suit :<br /></span></span></span></span>
<p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#002654,#000000,#002654,#336699,#fcb514,#007f99,#d62828"></p:colorscheme>
<blockquote><q>A paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.</q></p></blockquote>
<p>Si l&#8217;on suit cette d&eacute;finition, la SOA serait donc un paradigme. Elle n&#8217;est ni technologie ni m&eacute;thodologie, mais une mani&egrave;re de concevoir des composants distribu&eacute;s r&eacute;utilisables offrant un certain nombre de possibilit&eacute;s (exposition, d&eacute;couverte des services, consommation des services..).</p>
<p>Ainsi on en vient &agrave; la d&eacute;finition de la SOA comme &eacute;tant une architecture applicative utilisant des composants logiciels (services) autonomes, r&eacute;utilisables, faiblement coupl&eacute;s, expos&eacute;s (par des fournisseurs) et consomm&eacute;s par des utilisateurs (appel&eacute;s consommateurs) afin de r&eacute;pondre &agrave; des besoins sp&eacute;cifiques m&eacute;tier.</p>
<p>Le principe consiste &agrave; r&eacute;utiliser un composant existant ex&eacute;cutant une fonctionnalit&eacute; m&eacute;tier (eg. virement bancaire), et de le doter d&#8217;une interface de communication bas&eacute;e sur des standards. Ce dernier est r&eacute;f&eacute;renc&eacute; dans un annuaire ou un d&eacute;p&ocirc;t de services (Enterprise Services Repository) de mani&egrave;re &agrave; ce que l&#8217;on puisse le retrouver de mani&egrave;re simple &agrave; travers la phase de d&eacute;couverte puis d&#8217;y faire appel (consommation).</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.thinkervine.com/Blog/images/SOA/vue%20logique.png" alt="" /></p>
</div>
<p> L&#8217;id&eacute;e derri&egrave;re ce concept est de s&#8217;&eacute;loigner des solutions orient&eacute;es technologies pour pour privil&eacute;gier une orientation m&eacute;tier centr&eacute;e sur les processus. En se concentrant sur ces services, les applications sont agr&eacute;g&eacute;es pour r&eacute;pondre &agrave; des besoins op&eacute;rationnels de mani&egrave;re plus significative et en alignement avec les objectifs de l&#8217;entreprise.</p>
<p>Une application ne pourra jamais r&eacute;pondre &agrave; elle seule &agrave; tous les besoins de l&#8217;entreprise. Il y&#8217;aura toujours des fonctionnalit&eacute;s manquantes, ansi une entreprise aura n&eacute;cessairement besoin de plusieurs applications pour mettre en oeuvre ses processus op&eacute;rationnels. </p>
<p>Au sein de ces diff&eacute;rentes applications, nous identifierons les diff&eacute;rentes fonctionnalit&eacute;s utilis&eacute;es pour ex&eacute;cuter un processus et les exposerons, elles deviendront alors des services, repr&eacute;sentant une vue logique de la part des utilisateurs. Ces services seront align&eacute;s de mani&egrave;re plus fid&egrave;le aux processus op&eacute;rationnels &eacute;liminant ainsi les limitations des entreprises qui &eacute;taient contraintes d&#8217;adapter leur vision &agrave; la technologie. Par ailleurs, cette notion de services prend un sens plus large lorsqu&#8217;elle int&egrave;gre des op&eacute;rations effectu&eacute;es aupr&egrave;s des partenaires et fournisseurs en les incluant de mani&egrave;re totalement transparente dans la cha&icirc;ne d&#8217;op&eacute;rations (et donc dans le processus), &agrave; moindres co&ucirc;ts. </p>
<p>L&#8217;&eacute;tape suivante consiste &agrave; d&eacute;finir les interactions entre les diff&eacute;rents services, ce que l&#8217;on appelle l&#8217;orchestration de services (&agrave; travers un BPMS*). Cette orchestration consiste &agrave; d&eacute;crire la mani&egrave;re dont les services font appel les uns aux autres afin de respecter le d&eacute;roulement et les contraintes des processus d&#8217;entreprise.</p>
<p>Les architectures orient&eacute;es services ne sont pas une invention r&eacute;cente, les principaux travaux remontent aux ann&eacute;es 90. Cependant, la maturit&eacute; n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; leur exploitation en terme de technologie et de m&eacute;thodologie n&#8217;est atteinte que depuis 3-4 ans, gr&acirc;ce notamment aux standards d&#8217;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute; (XML, Web services).</p>
<p>La SOA vise &agrave; am&eacute;liorer le rapport d&#8217;alignement entre l&#8217;IT et le m&eacute;tier, &agrave; r&eacute;pondre aux besoins des entreprises en terme de TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) en r&eacute;duisant les co&ucirc;ts de d&eacute;veloppement, d&eacute;ploiement, int&eacute;gration et de maintenance, tout en leur offrant une grande agilit&eacute; dans la d&eacute;finition de leur business process et leur impl&eacute;mentation dans le syst&egrave;me d&#8217;information et la capacit&eacute; d&#8217;&eacute;largir le champ d&#8217;application des processus m&eacute;tier de mani&egrave;re transverse &agrave; travers diff&eacute;rents silos applicatifs. </p>
<p>A ce titre, on devrait voir appara&icirc;tre des r&eacute;organisations au sein des DSI. De nouveaux p&eacute;rim&egrave;tres de responsabilit&eacute; appara&icirc;tront et seront ax&eacute;s autour des processus, ces derniers seront supervis&eacute;s par un BPX (Business Process Expert dont le r&ocirc;le sera de formaliser le processus en utilisant le SI comme moteur d&#8217;innovation) et un responsable IT (charg&eacute; des applications au sein desquelles est ex&eacute;cut&eacute; le processus).</p>
<p>Afin de d&eacute;finir l&#8217;ensemble des p&eacute;rim&egrave;tres, d&#8217;identfier les intervenants ainsi que les besoins en termes de ressources et des services &agrave; exposer, il convient de suivre une m&eacute;thodolofie d&#8217;analyse selon une approche top-down, telle que d&eacute;crite ci-dessous :</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="http://www.thinkervine.com/Blog/images/SOA/pyramide.png" /></p>
<div style="text-align: left;">Dans cette d&eacute;marche, le contexte est d&eacute;fini par les objectifs strat&eacute;giques &eacute;nonc&eacute;s par la direction. Ces derniers donnent lieu &agrave; la mise en place de diff&eacute;rents processus m&eacute;tier afin de guider le travail de ses employ&eacute;s en conformit&eacute; avec la strat&eacute;gie pr&eacute;conis&eacute;e. A ce niveau l&agrave;, il faut identifier l&#8217;ensemble des fonctions auxquelles l&#8217;on a recours afin d&#8217;&eacute;xecuter un processus ainsi que les KPI&nbsp; (Key Performance Indicator) &agrave; observer. I faut arriver &agrave; un d&eacute;coupage de ce processus en &eacute;tapes de mani&egrave;re &agrave; obtenir une granularit&eacute; assez fine tout en conservant un degr&eacute; de pertinence l&eacute;gitime. Cette &eacute;tape est particuli&egrave;rement sensible et doit faire l&#8217;objet de la plus grande attention. Elle n&eacute;cessite un travail conjoint des experts BP et IT en concertation avec les responsables du m&eacute;tier et des key-users. Si &agrave; ce stade notre analyse n&#8217;est pas suffisament coh&eacute;rente, cela peut avoir un impact n&eacute;gatif sur la suite du projet et notamment lors de la d&eacute;finition des services.</p>
<p>Une fois les fonctions identifi&eacute;es, il faut se reporter au parc applicatif afin de d&eacute;terminer l&#8217;ensemble des logiciels qui fournissent ces services, d&eacute;terminer les flux qui transitent entre eux, les types de donn&eacute;es ainsi que l&#8217;endroit o&ugrave; ces derni&egrave;res sont stock&eacute;es. Cette &eacute;tape est aussi sensible que la pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente du fait qu&#8217;elle va nous permettre de d&eacute;finir le processus de r&eacute;-urbanisation, d&#8217;identifier les services et de les exposer, de cr&eacute;er un entrep&ocirc;t unique pour les donn&eacute;es ma&icirc;tres (Master Data Management) et de mettre en place une plateforme d&#8217;int&eacute;gration et un catalogue de services (UDDI) afin de pouvoir composer ais&eacute;ment les services au sein d&#8217;une application composite tierce de type portail ou mash-up.</p>
<p>L&#8217;int&eacute;r&ecirc;t des architectures orient&eacute;es service r&eacute;side dans diff&eacute;rents facteurs:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: bold;">Alignement IT et Business</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Agilit&eacute; de l&#8217;entreprise</span> &agrave; travers la fluidit&eacute; de r&eacute;-am&eacute;nagement de ses processes m&eacute;tier</li>
<li>La <span style="font-weight: bold;">r&eacute;duction de la complexit&eacute;</span> du syst&egrave;me d&#8217;information (centralisation des flux, des donn&eacute;es)</li>
<li>La <span style="font-weight: bold;">r&eacute;utilisation des services</span> d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s au sein de l&#8217;ensemble des applications qui pourront y faire appel. De plus gr&acirc;ce aux principes d&#8217;interop&eacute;rabilit&eacute;, les applications deviennent totalement ind&eacute;pendantes de la technologie sous-jacente. Elles communiquent entre elles &agrave; travers des interfaces faisant appel &agrave; des protocoles standards.</li>
<li>L&#8217;<span style="font-weight: bold;">utilisation du legacy software</span> et de son int&eacute;gration avec les nouvelles technologies mises en oeuvre. Il n&#8217;est nul besoin de renouveler totalement son parc applicatif. La SOA constitue une &eacute;volution et non une r&eacute;volution.</li>
<li>Une am&eacute;lioration de la <span style="font-weight: bold;">gouvernance des syst&egrave;mes d&#8217;information</span>, une r&eacute;duction du TCO et une augmentation du ROI (Return On Investment)</li>
</ul>
<p> Ici se termine ce premier article. Nous aborderons les aspects techniques ainsi qu&#8217;une analyse plus approfondie de la business value dans de prochains articles.</p>
<p><font size="1">* BPMS : Business Process Management Suite</font></div>
</p></div>
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